Exploring the Asymmetric Effect of Internal and External Economic Factors on Poverty: A Fresh Insight from Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributive Lag Model

Objective: This study examines the asymmetric impact of both internal (military, education, and health expenditures) external (trade opening foreign direct investment) factors that contribute to poverty reduction. Methodology: To find an relationship between proposed variables, we used a non-linear ARDL co-integration approach for period ranging from 1981-2019. Findings: The findings confirm (education, military, expenditures, quality governance) (foreign investment, openness) on poverty. finding confirms ignoring nonlinear or properties macroeconomic variables may mislead inferences. has policy implications government officials reduce Novelty: theeconomic theory is studied different perspectives by using have indirect effects Furthermore, in-depth analysis, determine which factor strong contribution eliminating Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-03-07 Full Text: PDF